w. 1 - Summaries of time periods

Here are some tables that summarize material we’ve gone through. You'll find other tables specifically connected to the 1500s and 1600s in “w. 49.”

I encourage you to use them to help you organize your notes in a way that helps you make sense of the information and to see connections.

Time period	1500s	1600s	1700s Age of Freedom 1718–1772
Main topics we discussed for this period	Information about changes in Sweden introduced of carried out by Gustav I	1.Expansion of territory 2.Literacy 3Absolutism	1.Change in political power 2. New parts of political power 3.Scientific dev. 4.Cultural dev.
Issues we discussed that help explain the main topics	-Independence (1521) -Introduction of Prot. Ref. (1527) -Centralized administration -Hereditary throne          -Four Estates (Other things we talked about: -fighting Christian II -debts -Bible translated to Swed. -suppression of opp. (Nils Dacke)	1.Benefits to Sweden     - natural resources     - military defense     - economic (duties or tariffs; trade) [We can consider issues of territory even in 19th and 20th c. – e.g., Finland and Norway] 2. Kyrkolag (Sw. Church Law) + husförhör (household interview), 1686 -Ability to read diff. types of texts     -relig. (1726 Conventicle Act)     - scien. (Newton – the world is not a mystery; it can be explained)     - polit. (Locke – nat. rights; the role of govt.) 3. King has all pol. power; nobility lose power	1. End of absolutism (which started in 1680 w/ Karl XI) Monarch’s power significantly decreased. Power of Four Estates increased significantly. (Within the F.E., nobility has most power) 2. -committees -beginning of “parties” – Hats and Caps (Hattar & Mössor) (Freedom of Press Act, 1766) 3 & 4 – see names below
Things going on outside of Sweden relevant to some or all of these topics	the writings and teachings of M.L.	-wars; Thirty Years’ War -trade -Scientific Revolution -Enlightenment – challenging authority -other forms of Protestantism – challenging authority	-still Sci. Rev. or other scientific writings -trade, exploration -Enlightenment -other forms of Protestantism

Time period	1772–1809
Main topics we discussed for this period	Gustav III 1772–1792 -increased power of the monarch, decreased power of the nobility -dev. of cultural institutions     - Opera     - Dramaten     - Sw. Acad. -took Sweden into war with Russia	Gustav IV Adolf 1792–1809 -believes in divine right Russia invaded Finland - at same time Sw. attacked by Den. Sw. abandoned Finland. -king had no support in military – G IV A forced to step down
Things going on outside of Sweden relevant to some or all of these topics	-absolutism in other European countries -Académie Française/French Academy -French drama and opera	-absolutism in other European countries

Time period	1809	1814 -->	19th and 20th centuries
Main topics we discussed for this period		Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (Karl XIV Johan), start of new Swedish dynasty/line	1.vpolitical devs. 2. econ. devs. 3. sci. and tech. devs. 4. social devs.
Issues we discussed that help explain the main topics	-new constitution – clearly lays out balance of power btwn. Riksdag/ Four Estates Council monarch + indep. of courts.	-1814 Sw. ends her last war Norway ceded to Sw. (by Denmark) -start of long-term peace for Sweden ** -As we saw with Age of Freedom, when people are at peace, they can focus on other things -vaccines (smallpox, cowpox) -communication (canals, railways)	1.  Expansion of rights; change from Four Estates to bicameral to unicameral Riksdag; limits on the power of the monarch 2. Dev. of companies; technology; industries; expansion of wealth 3. Industrial and sci. devs. 4. Cultural devs.; diff. movements; change in attitudes (goes together with polit. devs.);
Things going on outside of Sweden relevant to some or all of these topics	-Enlightenment -American and French Revolutions	-medical advancements -attraction of United States (freedom of relig., easy to get land) -Napoleonic War -Industrial, scientific developments	-pol. and social movements found abroad -WWI and WWII -industrialization -

 


Here are the scientists and engineers of the 18th c. we looked at in class:
Carl von Linné
Anders Celsius
Emanuel Swedenborg
Christopher Polhem
Baltzar von Platen
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Fredric Henric af Chapman

And here are the writers, artists, and other folks and things related to culture of the 18th c. that we looked at:
Carl Michael Bellman
Johan Henric Kellgren
Sofia Brenner
Alexander Roslin
Johan Tobias Sergel
Carl Gustaf Tessin
Dramaten
Svensk Akademi
Royal Opera